【by then与since then的用法区别? !】在英语学习中,"by then" 和 "since then" 是两个常被混淆的时间状语短语。虽然它们都用于描述时间关系,但它们的含义和使用场景有明显不同。以下是对这两个短语的详细总结和对比。
一、基本含义
短语 | 含义 | 使用场景 |
by then | 到那时为止(强调截止时间) | 表示某一动作或状态在某个时间点之前已经完成 |
since then | 自那以后(强调从过去某一点开始持续到现在) | 表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的状态或行为 |
二、语法结构与用法
1. by then
- 结构:by + 时间点(如:by 2020, by next week, by the time I got there)
- 时态:通常与完成时连用
- 例句:
- By the time we arrived, the movie had already started.
- She had finished her homework by then.
> ✅ 注意:强调“在某个时间点之前”已经完成的动作。
2. since then
- 结构:since + 时间点(如:since last year, since he left, since Monday)
- 时态:通常与现在完成时连用
- 例句:
- He has lived in Paris since then.
- We haven't heard from her since then.
> ✅ 注意:强调“从某个时间点开始一直持续到现在”的状态或行为。
三、常见错误对比
错误用法 | 正确用法 | 原因说明 |
I have been waiting here since then. | ✅ 正确(表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在) | since then 强调持续性 |
I will finish it by then. | ✅ 正确(表示到那时会完成) | by then 强调截止时间 |
I saw him since last week. | ❌ 错误(应为:I have seen him since last week) | since 不能与一般过去时连用 |
The meeting was over by then. | ✅ 正确(表示在那个时间点前已经结束) | by then 强调截止时间 |
四、总结表格
项目 | by then | since then |
含义 | 到那时为止(截止时间) | 自那以后(持续到现在) |
时态 | 完成时(have/has + 过去分词) | 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) |
用法重点 | 动作在某个时间点前已完成 | 动作从过去某一点持续到现在 |
常见搭配 | by the time, by next month, by 2025 | since last year, since he left, since 2020 |
典型句子 | She had left by then. | They have been friends since then. |
通过以上对比可以看出,"by then" 更注重“截止时间”,而 "since then" 更强调“持续性”。掌握这两个短语的区别,有助于更准确地表达时间关系,避免常见的语法错误。